Abnormal Behaviour – How to Deal With It

According to the most recent Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM 5), there are nearly 400 different psychological disorders. Some of these disorders fit the definition of “disease,” a problem that impairs functioning and that mostly stems from biological causes. Common examples include bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.

Other “disorders” impair functioning but are determined by a more diverse array of causes, some of which are psychological and social/cultural in nature. In this sense, these conditions are not true “diseases.” Examples include anxiety disorders, depression, addictive disorders, and eating disorders.

The distinction between “diseases” and “disorders” helps to suggest appropriate treatments. In general, diseases require biological intervention. Research suggests, for example, that medication is very successful in helping individuals to manage symptoms that accompany bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.

Types of Psychological Disorders

Psychological disorders are defined as patterns of behavioral or psychological symptoms that impact multiple areas of life. These mental disorders create distress for the person experiencing symptoms.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) and is used by mental health professionals for a variety of purposes. The manual contains a listing of psychiatric disorders, diagnostic codes, information on the prevalence of each disorder, and diagnostic criteria.

Some of the categories of psychological disorders include:

• Substance use disorders
• Mood disorders, such as depression and bipolar disorder
• Anxiety disorders, such as social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder
• Neurodevelopmental disorders, such as an intellectual disability or autism spectrum disorder
• Neurocognitive disorders like delirium
• Personality disorders, such as borderline personality disorder, avoidant personality disorder, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

How Understanding Abnormalities Can Improve Lives

Abnormal psychology may focus on atypical behavior, but its focus is not to ensure that all people fit into a narrow definition of “normal.” In most cases, it is centered on identifying and treating problems that may be causing distress or impairment in some aspect of an individual’s life. By better understanding what is “abnormal,” researchers and therapists can come up with new ways to help people live healthier and more fulfilling lives.